The Measurement Of Health And Health Status

The Measurement of Health and Health Status

• Author : Paul Krabbe
• Publisher : Academic Press
• Release Date : 2016-10-07
• Genre: Medical
• Pages : 380
• ISBN 10 : 9780128017203

The Measurement of Health and Health Status: Concepts, Methods and Applications from a Multidisciplinary Perspective presents a unifying perspective on how to select the best measurement framework for any situation. Serving as a one-stop shop that unifies material currently available in various locations, this book illuminates the intuition behind each method, explaining how each method has special purposes, what developments are occurring, and how new combinations among methods might be relevant to specific situations. It especially emphasizes the measurement of health and health states (quality-of-life), giving significant attention to newly developed methods. The book introduces technically complex, new methods for both introductory and technically-proficient readers. Assumes that the best measure depends entirely on the situation Covers preference-based methods, classical test theory, and item response theory Features illustrations and animations drawn from diverse fields and disciplines

Health Status Measurement

• Author : Richard G. Brooks
• Publisher : Unknown
• Release Date : 1995
• Genre: Health services - Economics
• Pages : 142
• ISBN 10 : 0333527194

Examines the development of outcome measures in health, with particular emphasis on health status and health-related quality of life measurement. Covers the place of health status measurement in health services research and its implications for health care decision making.

The Measurement and Valuation of Health Status Using EQ 5D A European Perspective

• Author : Richard Brooks
• Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
• Release Date : 2013-03-09
• Genre: Medical
• Pages : 303
• ISBN 10 : 9789401702331

EQ-5D from the EuroQol Group is a standardised, non-disease-specific instrument for describing and valuing health. It is in widespread use in many countries and has been applied in many different settings. EQ-5D is now an integral feature of many clinical trials and is increasingly used in population health surveys. This book reports on the results of the European Union-funded EQ-net project which furthered the development of EQ-5D in the key areas of valuation, application and translation. The primary effort concentrated on harmonising and integrating the results of the various EuroQol valuation projects. Most importantly, the book includes a set of VAS-based preference weights for all the EQ-5D health states based on cross-European EQ-5D data. This book provides the most comprehensive account to date of the EuroQol Group endeavour. It will appeal to clinicians, nurses, health services researchers, health economists, those responsible for audit and quality assurance, public health specialists and managers in health care institutions, and the pharmaceutical industry.

The Measurement of Health

• Author : James S. Larson
• Publisher : Greenwood Publishing Group
• Release Date : 1991
• Genre: Health status indicators
• Pages : 198
• ISBN 10 : 0313273391

How can the various indicators of health, available through vital statistics, government publications, private surveys and other sources, be measured? This and other questions are brought to light in James Larson's important study of concepts in the health measurement of individuals and populations. This book is intended to provide a backdrop for future research into determining health care needs, while allowing for more efficient allocation of scarce resources by planners and administrators. The first chapter defines health by using five models, the two major ones being the medical and the holistic. The medical model is the absence of disease and disability, and the holistic generally defines health as physical, mental, and social well-being. Chapters two and three discuss the statistical measurement of mortality and morbidity (illness or disability) by government and other agencies. International health measurement is the focus of the fourth chapter, which includes descriptions of World Health Organization activities in planning for health impovements worldwide and the lack of accurate health measurement in developing countries. Chapter five discusses United States national health statistics gathering, while chapter six analyzes the less sophisticated vital statistics methodologies used at the state and local levels. In the final chapter, Larson proposes indicators for international, national, state, and local levels, given the best possible data for health measurement. The Measurement of Health will be of great value to health statisticians, scholars interested in health policy, students in courses concerning research methods in health, health services administrators, and health proessionals.

Summarizing Population Health

• Author : Institute of Medicine
• Publisher : National Academies Press
• Release Date : 1998-05-01
• Genre: Social Science
• Pages : 91
• ISBN 10 : 9780309060998

Measuring the Quality of Health Care

• Author : The National Roundtable on Health Care Quality
• Publisher : National Academies Press
• Release Date : 1999-02-23
• Genre: Medical
• Pages : 9
• ISBN 10 : 9780309570688

The National Roundtable on Health Care Quality was established in 1995 by the Institute of Medicine. The Roundtable consists of experts formally appointed through procedures of the National Research Council (NRC) who represent both public and private-sector perspectives and appropriate areas of substantive expertise (not organizations). From the public sector, heads of appropriate Federal agencies serve. It offers a unique, nonadversarial environment to explore ongoing rapid changes in the medical marketplace and the implications of these changes for the quality of health and health care in this nation. The Roundtable has a liaison panel focused on quality of care in managed care organizations. The Roundtable convenes nationally prominent representatives of the private and public sector (regional, state and federal), academia, patients, and the health media to analyze unfolding issues concerning quality, to hold workshops and commission papers on significant topics, and when appropriate, to produce periodic statements for the nation on quality of care matters. By providing a structured opportunity for regular communication and interaction, the Roundtable fosters candid discussion among individuals who represent various sides of a given issue.

Patient Reported Outcomes in Performance Measurement

• Author : David Cella
• Publisher : RTI Press
• Release Date : 2015-09-17
• Genre: Medical
• Pages : 97
• ISBN 10 : 9781934831144

Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are measures of how patients feel or what they are able to do in the context of their health status; PROs are reports, usually on questionnaires, about a patient's health conditions, health behaviors, or experiences with health care that individuals report directly, without modification of responses by clinicians or others; thus, they directly reflect the voice of the patient. PROs cover domains such as physical health, mental and emotional health, functioning, symptoms and symptom burden, and health behaviors. They are relevant for many activities: helping patients and their clinicians make informed decisions about health care, monitoring the progress of care, setting policies for coverage and reimbursement of health services, improving the quality of health care services, and tracking or reporting on the performance of health care delivery organizations. We address the major methodological issues related to choosing, administering, and using PROs for these purposes, particularly in clinical practice settings. We include a framework for best practices in selecting PROs, focusing on choosing appropriate methods and modes for administering PRO measures to accommodate patients with diverse linguistic, cultural, educational, and functional skills, understanding measures developed through both classic and modern test theory, and addressing complex issues relating to scoring and analyzing PRO data.

Quality of Life

• Author : Peter M. Fayers
• Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
• Release Date : 2013-05-23
• Genre: Medical
• Pages : 579
• ISBN 10 : 9781118699454

Quality of life studies form an essential part of the evaluation of any treatment. Written by two authors who are well respected within this field, Quality of Life: The Assessment, Analysis and Interpretation of Patient-reported Outcomes, Second Edition lays down guidelines on assessing, analysing and interpreting quality of life data. The new edition of this standard book has been completely revised, updated and expanded to reflect many methodological developments emerged since the publication of the first edition. Covers the design of instruments, the practical aspects of implementing assessment, the analyses of the data, and the interpretation of the results Presents all essential information on Quality of Life Research in one comprehensive volume Explains the use of qualitative and quantitative methods, including the application of basic statistical methods Includes copious practical examples Fills a need in a rapidly growing area of interest New edition accommodates significant methodological developments, and includes chapters on computer adaptive testing and item banking, choosing an instrument, systematic reviews and meta analysis This book is of interest for everyone involved in quality of life research, and it is applicable to medical and non-medical, statistical and non-statistical readers. It is of particular relevance for clinical and biomedical researchers within both the pharmaceutical industry and practitioners in the fields of cancer and other chronic diseases. Reviews of the First Edition – Winner of the first prize in the Basis of Medicine Category of the BMA Medical Book Competition 2001: “This book is highly recommended to clinicians who are actively involved in the planning, analysis and publication of QoL research.” CLINICAL ONCOLOGY “This book is highly recommended reading.” QUALITY OF LIFE RESEARCH

Improving Health in the Community

• Author : Institute of Medicine
• Publisher : National Academies Press
• Release Date : 1997-05-21
• Genre: Medical
• Pages : 497
• ISBN 10 : 9780309055345

How do communities protect and improve the health of their populations? Health care is part of the answer but so are environmental protections, social and educational services, adequate nutrition, and a host of other activities. With concern over funding constraints, making sure such activities are efficient and effective is becoming a high priority. Improving Health in the Community explains how population-based performance monitoring programs can help communities point their efforts in the right direction. Within a broad definition of community health, the committee addresses factors surrounding the implementation of performance monitoring and explores the "why" and "how to" of establishing mechanisms to monitor the performance of those who can influence community health. The book offers a policy framework, applies a multidimensional model of the determinants of health, and provides sets of prototype performance indicators for specific health issues. Improving Health in the Community presents an attainable vision of a process that can achieve community-wide health benefits.

For the Public s Health

• Author : Institute of Medicine
• Publisher : National Academies Press
• Release Date : 2011-05-06
• Genre: Medical
• Pages : 204
• ISBN 10 : 9780309161275

Despite having the costliest medical care delivery system in the world, Americans are not particularly healthy. Recent international comparisons show that life expectancy in the U.S. ranks 49th among all nations, and infant mortality rates are higher in the U.S. than in many far less affluent nations. While these statistics are alarming, the bigger problem is that we do not know how to reverse this trend. Our lack of knowledge is due in large part to significant inadequacies in the health system for gathering, analyzing, and communicating health information about the population. To inform the public health community and all other sectors that contribute to population health, For the Public's Health: The Role of Measurement in Action and Accountability reviews current approaches for measuring the health of individuals and communities and creates a roadmap for future development. This book, the first of three in a series, focuses on data and measurement-not as ends in themselves, but rather tools to inform the myriad programs, policies, and processes developed or undertaken by governmental public health agencies and their many partners in the health system. For the Public's Health seeks to reinstate the proper and evidence-based understanding of health as not merely the result of medical or clinical care but the result of the sum of what we do as a society to create the conditions in which people can be healthy. To achieve this goal, the book suggests changes in the processes, tools, and approaches used to gather information about health outcomes and their determinants. The book also recommends developing an integrated and coordinated system in which all parties-including governmental and private sector partners at all levels-have access to timely and meaningful data to help foster individual and community awareness and action.

Communities in Action

• Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
• Publisher : National Academies Press
• Release Date : 2017-04-27
• Genre: Medical
• Pages : 583
• ISBN 10 : 9780309452960

In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.

Developing a Protocol for Observational Comparative Effectiveness Research A User s Guide

• Author : Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (U.S.)
• Publisher : Government Printing Office
• Release Date : 2013-02-21
• Genre: Medical
• Pages : 204
• ISBN 10 : 9781587634239

This User’s Guide is a resource for investigators and stakeholders who develop and review observational comparative effectiveness research protocols. It explains how to (1) identify key considerations and best practices for research design; (2) build a protocol based on these standards and best practices; and (3) judge the adequacy and completeness of a protocol. Eleven chapters cover all aspects of research design, including: developing study objectives, defining and refining study questions, addressing the heterogeneity of treatment effect, characterizing exposure, selecting a comparator, defining and measuring outcomes, and identifying optimal data sources. Checklists of guidance and key considerations for protocols are provided at the end of each chapter. The User’s Guide was created by researchers affiliated with AHRQ’s Effective Health Care Program, particularly those who participated in AHRQ’s DEcIDE (Developing Evidence to Inform Decisions About Effectiveness) program. Chapters were subject to multiple internal and external independent reviews. More more information, please consult the Agency website: www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov)

Performance Measurement for Health System Improvement

• Author : Peter C. Smith
• Publisher : Cambridge University Press
• Release Date : 2010-01-07
• Genre: Business & Economics
• Pages : 748
• ISBN 10 : 9781139483933

In a world where there is increasing demand for the performance of health providers to be measured, there is a need for a more strategic vision of the role that performance measurement can play in securing health system improvement. This volume meets this need by presenting the opportunities and challenges associated with performance measurement in a framework that is clear and easy to understand. It examines the various levels at which health system performance is undertaken, the technical instruments and tools available, and the implications using these may have for those charged with the governance of the health system. Technical material is presented in an accessible way and is illustrated with examples from all over the world. Performance Measurement for Health System Improvement is an authoritative and practical guide for policy makers, regulators, patient groups and researchers.

The Future of the Public s Health in the 21st Century

• Author : Institute of Medicine
• Publisher : National Academies Press
• Release Date : 2003-02-01
• Genre: Medical
• Pages : 536
• ISBN 10 : 9780309133180

The anthrax incidents following the 9/11 terrorist attacks put the spotlight on the nation's public health agencies, placing it under an unprecedented scrutiny that added new dimensions to the complex issues considered in this report. The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century reaffirms the vision of Healthy People 2010, and outlines a systems approach to assuring the nation's health in practice, research, and policy. This approach focuses on joining the unique resources and perspectives of diverse sectors and entities and challenges these groups to work in a concerted, strategic way to promote and protect the public's health. Focusing on diverse partnerships as the framework for public health, the book discusses: The need for a shift from an individual to a population-based approach in practice, research, policy, and community engagement. The status of the governmental public health infrastructure and what needs to be improved, including its interface with the health care delivery system. The roles nongovernment actors, such as academia, business, local communities and the media can play in creating a healthy nation. Providing an accessible analysis, this book will be important to public health policy-makers and practitioners, business and community leaders, health advocates, educators and journalists.

The Public Health Observatory Handbook of Health Inequalities Measurement

• Author : Roy A. Carr-Hill
• Publisher : Unknown
• Release Date : 2005-01-01
• Genre: Health services accessibility
• Pages : 201
• ISBN 10 : 0954297121